Beta-carotene

Beta-Carotene

Also known as: Pro-vitamin A, Beta-carotene

Immune

TL;DR

Provitamin A carotenoid. Was included in original AREDS formula for AMD but removed in AREDS2 due to increased lung cancer risk in smokers. Replaced by lutein/zeaxanthin.
Safety: Lung cancer risk in smokers. ATBC and CARET trials showed increased lung cancer risk in smokers/asbestos workers. Non-smokers appear safe. Replaced by lutein/zeaxanthin in AREDS2.
Cost: approximately $5-10/month.

What the research says

Macular degenerationLow

Evidence

3/5

Onset speed

1/5

Typical dose: Not recommended (replaced by lutein)

Was in original AREDS formula. AREDS2 showed lutein/zeaxanthin was a safer and equally effective replacement. Do not use in smokers.

Beta-carotene on Amazon

$5-10/mo (estimated)

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Safety & practical info

Safety:Lung cancer risk in smokers

ATBC and CARET trials showed increased lung cancer risk in smokers/asbestos workers. Non-smokers appear safe. Replaced by lutein/zeaxanthin in AREDS2.

Interactions:Cholesterol medications

May reduce absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Generally low interaction profile.

Cost:$5-10/mo

Affordable.

Sources for this page include published meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and NIH dietary supplement fact sheets. All claims reflect the evidence as of early 2026.

This is not medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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