Bromelain
Content by: OpenSupplement Editorial Team | Medical review: pending | Last updated: April 13, 2026
TL;DR
Proteolytic enzyme complex extracted from pineapple stems
Anti-inflammatory properties backed by clinical studies
Supports digestion of proteins and reduces bloating
Clinically studied for sinusitis and post-surgical recovery
May help with exercise-induced inflammation
Best for: Digestive support, sinus health, inflammation reduction
What it is
Bromelain is a complex of proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzymes extracted primarily from pineapple stems, with smaller amounts found in the fruit itself. This enzyme complex has been used therapeutically since the 1950s and has accumulated substantial research supporting its anti-inflammatory, digestive, and immune-modulating properties.
Unlike many plant extracts that work through unknown mechanisms, bromelain's effects are well-understood: it breaks down proteins, reduces inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and enhances the absorption of other compounds. The enzyme is measured in activity units (GDU or MCU), with higher numbers indicating greater potency.
What the research says
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Bromelain on Amazon
Safety
Bromelain is well-tolerated by most people, with side effects typically limited to mild gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, or nausea when taken on an empty stomach. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, particularly in individuals allergic to pineapples, latex, or certain pollens (birch, grass, cypress).
At high doses (over 1000 mg daily), bromelain may increase bleeding risk due to its effects on platelet aggregation. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those scheduled for surgery should discontinue use 2 weeks prior. The enzyme may also cause skin irritation if handled directly in powder form.
Interactions
• Anticoagulants: May enhance effects of warfarin, heparin, and antiplatelet drugs, increasing bleeding risk • Antibiotics: Can increase absorption of amoxicillin, tetracycline, and other antibiotics • ACE inhibitors: Theoretical interaction that could increase hypotensive effects • Sedatives: May potentiate effects of CNS depressants (limited evidence) • Chemotherapy drugs: May enhance absorption of certain cancer medications
Dosing
For Digestion: 200-500 mg (1200-1800 GDU) with meals to aid protein breakdown and reduce bloating.
For Inflammation: 500-1000 mg (2400-3600 GDU) between meals on an empty stomach for systemic anti-inflammatory effects.
For Sinusitis: 500 mg three times daily between meals, based on clinical studies.
Activity Units: Look for products standardized to 1200-3000 GDU (gelatin digesting units) or 1800-4500 MCU (milk clotting units) per dose. Higher activity units are generally more effective.
Cost
Bromelain supplements typically cost $10-20 monthly for therapeutic doses. Prices vary based on enzyme activity units and purity. Higher-potency products with 2400+ GDU per capsule offer better value despite higher upfront cost. Generic brands may have lower activity levels despite similar milligram amounts.
The bottom line
Bromelain is a well-researched enzyme with legitimate anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits backed by clinical studies. It's particularly useful for digestive support when taken with meals and inflammatory conditions when taken between meals. The safety profile is excellent, making it a low-risk supplement worth trying for sinus issues, post-workout recovery, or protein digestion support. Just pay attention to activity units rather than just milligrams when choosing products.
Sources for this page include published meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and NIH dietary supplement fact sheets. All claims reflect the evidence as of early 2026.
This is not medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.